endorphin-aster-vm/crates/aster-core/tests/runtime.rs

use std::any::Any;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};

use aster_core::{CompareOp, NativeFunction, ObjectPayload, ObjectRef, Record, Value, Vm, VmError};

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Resource {
    drops: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
    edges: Vec<ObjectRef>,
}

impl Drop for Resource {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.drops.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
    }
}

impl ObjectPayload for Resource {
    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
        self
    }

    fn kind_name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "resource"
    }

    fn trace(&self, visit: &mut dyn FnMut(ObjectRef)) {
        for reference in &self.edges {
            visit(*reference);
        }
    }

    fn allows_attributes(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Number(i64);

impl ObjectPayload for Number {
    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
        self
    }

    fn kind_name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "number"
    }

    fn repr(&self, _identity: ObjectRef) -> Result<String, VmError> {
        Ok(self.0.to_string())
    }

    fn is_true(&self) -> Result<bool, VmError> {
        Ok(self.0 != 0)
    }

    fn hash(&self, _identity: ObjectRef) -> Result<u64, VmError> {
        Ok(self.0 as u64)
    }

    fn compare(
        &self,
        other: &dyn ObjectPayload,
        operation: CompareOp,
    ) -> Result<Option<bool>, VmError> {
        let Some(other) = other.as_any().downcast_ref::<Self>() else {
            return Ok(None);
        };
        Ok(Some(match operation {
            CompareOp::Eq => self.0 == other.0,
            CompareOp::Ne => self.0 != other.0,
            CompareOp::Lt => self.0 < other.0,
            CompareOp::Le => self.0 <= other.0,
            CompareOp::Gt => self.0 > other.0,
            CompareOp::Ge => self.0 >= other.0,
        }))
    }
}

fn resource(vm: &mut Vm, drops: &Arc<AtomicUsize>, edges: Vec<ObjectRef>) -> ObjectRef {
    vm.allocate(Resource {
        drops: drops.clone(),
        edges,
    })
    .unwrap()
}

#[test]
fn starts_empty_without_language_classes_or_a_type_system() {
    let vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.object_count(), 0);
}

#[test]
fn defaults_provide_identity_representation_hash_and_truth() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let first = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let second = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.object(first).unwrap().header().identity(), first);
    assert!(vm.is_same(first, first).unwrap());
    assert!(!vm.is_same(first, second).unwrap());
    assert!(vm.repr(first).unwrap().contains(&first.to_string()));
    assert_eq!(vm.repr(first).unwrap(), vm.str(first).unwrap());
    assert_eq!(vm.hash(first).unwrap(), vm.hash(first).unwrap());
    assert!(vm.is_true(first).unwrap());
    assert!(vm.compare(first, first, CompareOp::Eq).unwrap());
    assert!(vm.compare(first, second, CompareOp::Ne).unwrap());
    assert_eq!(
        vm.compare(first, second, CompareOp::Lt),
        Err(VmError::UnsupportedOperation("ordering"))
    );
    assert_eq!(
        vm.call(first, &[]),
        Err(VmError::UnsupportedOperation("call"))
    );
}

#[test]
fn explicit_references_control_lifetime_and_copies_are_borrowed() {
    let drops = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let owned = resource(&mut vm, &drops, vec![]);
    let borrowed = owned;
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(borrowed).unwrap(), 1);
    vm.retain(owned).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(owned).unwrap(), 2);
    vm.release(owned).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0);
    vm.release(owned).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
    assert_eq!(vm.object_count(), 0);
    assert!(matches!(vm.object(borrowed), Err(VmError::InvalidHandle)));
    assert_eq!(vm.release(borrowed), Err(VmError::InvalidHandle));
}

#[test]
fn attributes_keep_objects_alive_and_delete_releases_them() {
    let drops = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let owner = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let child = resource(&mut vm, &drops, vec![]);
    vm.set_attr(owner, "child", Value::Object(child)).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(child).unwrap(), 2);
    vm.release(child).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(child).unwrap(), 1);
    assert_eq!(vm.release(child), Err(VmError::NoOwnedReference));
    assert_eq!(vm.get_attr(owner, "child").unwrap(), Value::Object(child));
    vm.del_attr(owner, "child").unwrap();
    assert_eq!(drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
    assert_eq!(
        vm.get_attr(owner, "child"),
        Err(VmError::AttributeNotFound("child".into()))
    );
}

#[test]
fn replacing_the_same_edge_does_not_destroy_the_target() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let owner = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let target = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    vm.set_attr(owner, "child", Value::Object(target)).unwrap();
    vm.release(target).unwrap();
    vm.set_attr(owner, "child", Value::Object(target)).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(target).unwrap(), 1);
    vm.set_attr(owner, "child", Value::Number(7_i64.into()))
        .unwrap();
    assert!(matches!(vm.object(target), Err(VmError::InvalidHandle)));
    assert_eq!(
        vm.get_attr(owner, "child").unwrap(),
        Value::Number(7_i64.into())
    );
}

#[test]
fn borrowed_attribute_results_can_be_retained_by_the_host() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let parent = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let child = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    vm.set_attr(parent, "child", Value::Object(child)).unwrap();
    vm.release(child).unwrap();
    let Value::Object(borrowed) = vm.get_attr(parent, "child").unwrap() else {
        panic!("expected an object");
    };
    vm.retain(borrowed).unwrap();
    vm.release(parent).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(borrowed).unwrap(), 1);
    vm.release(borrowed).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.object_count(), 0);
}

#[test]
fn failed_foreign_and_stale_writes_preserve_the_old_attribute() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let mut other = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let owner = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let foreign = other.new_object().unwrap();
    let stale = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    vm.release(stale).unwrap();
    vm.set_attr(owner, "value", Value::Number(1_i64.into()))
        .unwrap();
    assert_eq!(
        vm.set_attr(owner, "value", Value::Object(foreign)),
        Err(VmError::ForeignHandle)
    );
    assert_eq!(
        vm.set_attr(owner, "value", Value::Object(stale)),
        Err(VmError::InvalidHandle)
    );
    assert_eq!(
        vm.get_attr(owner, "value").unwrap(),
        Value::Number(1_i64.into())
    );
    assert_eq!(vm.retain(foreign), Err(VmError::ForeignHandle));
    assert_eq!(vm.release(foreign), Err(VmError::ForeignHandle));
    assert_eq!(vm.is_same(owner, foreign), Err(VmError::ForeignHandle));
}

#[test]
fn released_handles_cannot_alias_new_objects_or_new_vms() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let old = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    vm.release(old).unwrap();
    let new = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    assert_ne!(old, new);
    assert_eq!(vm.repr(old), Err(VmError::InvalidHandle));
    let other = Vm::new().unwrap();
    assert!(matches!(other.object(new), Err(VmError::ForeignHandle)));
}

#[test]
fn boxed_objects_keep_their_addresses_when_the_slot_vector_grows() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let first = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let address = std::ptr::from_ref(vm.object(first).unwrap());
    for _ in 0..4096 {
        vm.new_object().unwrap();
    }
    assert_eq!(std::ptr::from_ref(vm.object(first).unwrap()), address);
}

#[test]
fn zero_reference_chains_are_released_without_recursive_destructors() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let head = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let mut tail = head;
    for _ in 0..4096 {
        let next = vm.new_object().unwrap();
        vm.set_attr(tail, "next", Value::Object(next)).unwrap();
        vm.release(next).unwrap();
        tail = next;
    }
    vm.release(head).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.object_count(), 0);
}

#[test]
fn cycles_remain_while_rooted_and_are_collected_when_unreachable() {
    let drops = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let first = resource(&mut vm, &drops, vec![]);
    let second = resource(&mut vm, &drops, vec![]);
    vm.set_attr(first, "next", Value::Object(second)).unwrap();
    vm.set_attr(second, "next", Value::Object(first)).unwrap();
    vm.release(second).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.collect_cycles(), 0);
    vm.release(first).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.object_count(), 2);
    assert_eq!(vm.collect_cycles(), 2);
    assert_eq!(vm.collect_cycles(), 0);
    assert_eq!(drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 2);
    assert!(matches!(vm.object(first), Err(VmError::InvalidHandle)));
    assert!(matches!(vm.object(second), Err(VmError::InvalidHandle)));
}

#[test]
fn cycle_collection_preserves_rooted_targets_and_updates_counts() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let live = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let cycle = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    vm.set_attr(cycle, "self", Value::Object(cycle)).unwrap();
    vm.set_attr(cycle, "live", Value::Object(live)).unwrap();
    vm.release(cycle).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(live).unwrap(), 2);
    assert_eq!(vm.collect_cycles(), 1);
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(live).unwrap(), 1);
    vm.release(live).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.object_count(), 0);
}

#[test]
fn payload_edges_are_owned_and_duplicate_edges_are_counted() {
    let drops = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let target = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let holder = resource(&mut vm, &drops, vec![target, target]);
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(target).unwrap(), 3);
    vm.release(target).unwrap();
    vm.release(holder).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.object_count(), 0);
    assert_eq!(drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
}

#[test]
fn payload_edges_participate_in_cycle_tracing() {
    let drops = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let record = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let native = resource(&mut vm, &drops, vec![record]);
    vm.set_attr(record, "native", Value::Object(native))
        .unwrap();
    vm.release(record).unwrap();
    vm.release(native).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.collect_cycles(), 2);
    assert_eq!(drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
}

#[test]
fn invalid_payload_edges_abort_allocation_without_retaining_valid_edges() {
    let drops = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let mut other = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let local = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    let foreign = other.new_object().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(
        vm.allocate(Resource {
            drops: drops.clone(),
            edges: vec![local, foreign],
        }),
        Err(VmError::ForeignHandle)
    );
    assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(local).unwrap(), 1);
    assert_eq!(vm.object_count(), 1);
    assert_eq!(drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
}

#[test]
fn rust_payload_operations_override_defaults_without_language_types() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let zero = vm.allocate(Number(0)).unwrap();
    let first = vm.allocate(Number(42)).unwrap();
    let equal = vm.allocate(Number(42)).unwrap();
    assert!(!vm.is_same(first, equal).unwrap());
    assert!(vm.compare(first, equal, CompareOp::Eq).unwrap());
    assert!(vm.compare(zero, first, CompareOp::Lt).unwrap());
    assert_eq!(vm.hash(first).unwrap(), vm.hash(equal).unwrap());
    assert_eq!(vm.str(first).unwrap(), "42");
    assert!(!vm.is_true(zero).unwrap());
    assert!(vm.is_true(first).unwrap());
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct ReflectedOrdering;

impl ObjectPayload for ReflectedOrdering {
    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
        self
    }

    fn kind_name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "reflected-ordering"
    }

    fn compare(
        &self,
        _other: &dyn ObjectPayload,
        operation: CompareOp,
    ) -> Result<Option<bool>, VmError> {
        Ok(Some(operation == CompareOp::Gt))
    }

    fn hash(&self, _identity: ObjectRef) -> Result<u64, VmError> {
        Err(VmError::UnsupportedOperation("hash"))
    }
}

#[test]
fn reflected_operations_and_explicitly_unsupported_hashing_are_respected() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let left = vm.allocate(Record).unwrap();
    let right = vm.allocate(ReflectedOrdering).unwrap();
    assert!(vm.compare(left, right, CompareOp::Lt).unwrap());
    assert_eq!(vm.hash(right), Err(VmError::UnsupportedOperation("hash")));
}

fn add(arguments: &[Value]) -> Result<Value, VmError> {
    match arguments {
        [Value::Number(left), Value::Number(right)] => {
            let (left, right) = left
                .as_i64()
                .zip(right.as_i64())
                .ok_or(VmError::InvalidArgument("expected two integers"))?;
            left.checked_add(right)
                .map(|value| Value::Number(value.into()))
                .ok_or(VmError::InvalidArgument("integer overflow"))
        }
        _ => Err(VmError::InvalidArgument("expected two integers")),
    }
}

#[test]
fn native_calls_dispatch_validate_arguments_and_propagate_errors() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let function = vm.allocate(NativeFunction::new("add", add)).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.repr(function).unwrap(), "<native-function add>");
    assert_eq!(
        vm.call(
            function,
            &[Value::Number(2_i64.into()), Value::Number(3_i64.into())]
        )
        .unwrap(),
        Value::Number(5_i64.into())
    );
    assert_eq!(
        vm.call(function, &[]),
        Err(VmError::InvalidArgument("expected two integers"))
    );
    assert_eq!(
        vm.call(
            function,
            &[Value::Number(i64::MAX.into()), Value::Number(1_i64.into())]
        ),
        Err(VmError::InvalidArgument("integer overflow"))
    );
    assert_eq!(
        vm.set_attr(function, "x", Value::Nil),
        Err(VmError::UnsupportedOperation("attributes"))
    );
    let mut other = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let foreign = other.new_object().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(
        vm.call(function, &[Value::Object(foreign)]),
        Err(VmError::ForeignHandle)
    );
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct ReturnsObject(ObjectRef);

impl ObjectPayload for ReturnsObject {
    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
        self
    }

    fn kind_name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "invalid-return"
    }

    fn call(&self, _arguments: &[Value]) -> Result<Value, VmError> {
        Ok(Value::Object(self.0))
    }
}

#[test]
fn native_results_cannot_smuggle_foreign_or_dead_handles_into_the_vm() {
    let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let mut other = Vm::new().unwrap();
    let foreign = other.new_object().unwrap();
    let invalid_return = vm.allocate(ReturnsObject(foreign)).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.call(invalid_return, &[]), Err(VmError::ForeignHandle));
    let dead = vm.new_object().unwrap();
    vm.release(dead).unwrap();
    let invalid_return = vm.allocate(ReturnsObject(dead)).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(vm.call(invalid_return, &[]), Err(VmError::InvalidHandle));
}

#[test]
fn dropping_the_vm_cleans_up_rooted_objects_and_uncollected_cycles() {
    let drops = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
    {
        let mut vm = Vm::new().unwrap();
        let rooted = resource(&mut vm, &drops, vec![]);
        let cycle = resource(&mut vm, &drops, vec![]);
        vm.set_attr(cycle, "self", Value::Object(cycle)).unwrap();
        vm.release(cycle).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(vm.ref_count(rooted).unwrap(), 1);
    }
    assert_eq!(drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 2);
}